Figure 1.1. The authors at the base of the Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), also known as the Great Pyramid of Giza, with the Pyramid of Khafre (Kephren; middle) and the Pyramid of Menkaure (Mycerinus; smallest) in the background.
Figure 2.1. The Great Hypostyle Hall of the Karnak Temple Complex, Luxor, Egypt.
Figure 2.2. Hieroglyphic texts from the tomb chamber in the Fifth Dynasty Pyramid of Unis, showing the neatness and care exercised in their preparation.
Figure 2.3. Sun at noon sighted at the top of the Great Pyramid at Giza.
Figure 3.1. Sumerian tablet. The first word of the text is An. British Museum.
Figure 3.4. A magnified image of a pressing from a cylinder seal from the Sargonid (Akkadian) period, third millennium BCE, commemorating the return to fertility in the new year. The sun god Shamash can be seen arising out of the mound in the center, is greeted by Inanna as a vegetation goddess, her shoulders sprouting rays of vegetation. On the plain is a hunter with his lion. To the right is the god Enki (the Akkadian god Ea) with a Janus-headed attendant; he restrains the storm bird Zu, the adversary who stole the Tablets of Destiny; the animal at his feet is a ram (note the horn). British Museum.
Figure 3.5. A close-up view of the wall of the tomb of Unis.
Figure 3.6. Detail of Egyptian mound scene showing the hours of the night, from the tomb of Ramses I. Note the wavy lines indicating water. Compare with the Sumerian motif in figure 3.4.
Figure 3.7. Osiris
Figure 3.8. Seth. Detail from the Karnak Temple Complex, Luxor, Egypt.
Figure 3.9. Ptah on his plinth.
Figure 3.10. Khnum creating a pharaoh. In the image there are two humanoid figures, one is the Pharaoh’s body and second, with a bird in hand, is his Ka or spirit.
Figure 4.1. Jupiter as seen through the pillars of the hypostyle hall in the Luxor Temple, Egypt.
Figure 4.2. Egyptian hieroglyph AS. British Museum.
Figure 4.3. A tree of nourishment, from the tomb of Tuthmosis III, Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt.
Figure 5.1. Cylinder seals of a crowned Gilgamesh with a sword or dagger and an axe-wielding Enkidu slaying the bearded Humbaba.
Figure 5.2. Gilgamesh and Enkidu killing the Bull of Heaven.
Figure 5.3. Gilgamesh sleeps while the snake steals the secret flower of eternity.
Figure 6.1. Osiris impregnating Isis. Temple of Osiris at Abydos, built by Seti I.
Figure 6.2. The Sphinx. Giza Plateau.
Figure 6.3. The Pyramids of Giza. This view is no longer available because modern high-rise apartments have been built in the foreground.
Figure 6.4. Osiris accompanied by his two guardians, Isis and Nephthys. Nephthys stands to the left of Isis.
Figure 6.5. The weighing of the heart, Ptolemaic tomb, Deir el-Medinah. On the left-hand side of the scale, Horus’s right hand steadies the container of the heart. Seth, on the right, in his left hand steadies the feather of Maat.
Figure 6.6. Plants growing from the body of Osiris.
Figure 6.7. The pharaoh Seti I, as Horus, on the right erects the djed column with the help of Isis on the left. The small kneeling figure on the left is likely another representation of Seti I as Osiris. From the Temple of Osiris in Abydos.
Figure 6.8. Seti I makes offerings to Osiris, the erected djed column. The small kneeling figure on the left is likely another representation of Seti I as Osiris. From the Temple of Osiris in Abydos.
Figure 6.9. Min on the left with Sesostris I. From the Temple of Sesostris I on the grounds of the Karnak Temple Complex.
Figure 6.10. The Temple of Sesostris I, reconstructed within the Karnak Temple Complex.
Figure 6.11A. Min as Kamutef. Figure 6.11B. Ramses IX as Kamutef.
Figure 6.12. Entrance to the Medinet Habu on the West Bank, Luxor.
Figure 6.13A. The left hand side of the harvest festival procession of Min with the seated Pharaoh, representing Osiris, supported by Isis and Nephthys behind the seat each with a feather on their head. Mednet Habou, West Bank, Luxor
Figure 7.1. The Duat as the body of Nut.
Figure 8.1. Maat
Figure 8.2. Heka attending Khnum. Heka appears directly behind the chamber room of Khnum, on the right-hand side, holding the snake’s tail. His hieroglyphic name is to the right of his shoulder. From the burial chamber in the tomb of Ramses I on the West Bank, Luxor.
Figure 8.3. Nun, the primeval sea, holds up the boat of creation showing Heka, the third figure behind Isis who is holding the scarab on the left. His hieroglyphic sign above his head. We believe it is Maat shown just ahead of Heka with the feather insignia above her head. From the tomb of Ramses VI.
Figure 8.4. Heka and Maat on either side of Ra-Herakti with their individual insignia: the hindquarters of a lion above the head of Heka, on the left, and the feather of Shu upon the head of Maat.
Figure 8.5. Heka, the neter personifying magic, in the place of Shu, lifting Nut supported on each side by images of the Ka with arms raised Twenty-first Dynasty coffin.
Figure A1.1. Tenth Hour of the Book of What Is in the Duat, from the tomb of Tuthmosis III.